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''Reitman v. Mulkey'', 387 U.S. 369 (1967), was a United States Supreme Court decision that set an important legal precedent that a state court could invalidate a state's own constitutional amendment, if the proffered amendment violated the United States Constitution. ==Background== In 1963, the Rumford Fair Housing Act (AB 1240) was introduced in the California State Assembly, by Assemblyman William Byron Rumford. The act banned racial discrimination among mortgage holders, real estate brokers, property owners and landlords who refuse to rent or sell to tenants or potential buyers on the basis of color. The bill passed the California Legislature on September 20, 1963 and was later signed into law by California Governor Pat Brown. The act faced immediate protest after if was passed, and faced an initiative and referendum challenge; with opponents collecting over 600,000 signatures of the 468,259 required to add the referendum to the ballot.〔 The referendum saw significant financial support from California's real-estate industry, with the California Real Estate Association and the Apartment House Owners Association leading the effort to rescind the law. The "Committee for Home Protection" was initiated by the real-estate industry in the lead up to the laws challenge; looking to garner support with their slogan: "A man's home is his castle." The referendum, officially called California Proposition 14, Art. I, § 26, stated that neither the State nor any agency thereof "shall deny, limit or abridge, directly or indirectly, the right of any person, who is willing or desires to sell, lease or rent any part or all of his real property, to decline to sell, lease or rent such property to such person or persons as he, in his absolute discretion, chooses."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =California's Proposition 14 And The "State Action" Concept - Reitman v. Mulkey )〕 The referendum passed on November 3, 1964, with two-thirds of Californian's voting in favor to repeal the law. A legal challenge was then brought to Proposition 14 in the California Supreme Court by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Reitman v. Mulkey, 387 U.S. 369 )〕 The California Supreme Court held that Art. I, § 26, was designed to overturn state laws prohibiting discrimination, encouraged discrimination and unconstitutionally involved the State in racial discrimination, and was therefore invalid under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reitman v. Mulkey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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